Historian tells the forgotten story of America’s first female Egyptologist | History News Network

https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/168699
4/6/18

Historian tells the forgotten story of America's first female Egyptologist

Historians in the News

A Missouri University of Science and Technology historian is telling the seemingly forgotten story of America's first female Egyptologist. 

Dr. Kathleen Sheppard, associate professor of history and political science at Missouri S&T, wondered why there was so little mention of the scholarly work of Dr. Caroline Ransom Williams, America's first university-trained female Egyptologist, in archaeology's published history. After all, Ransom Williams was a former student and longtime colleague of Dr. James Henry Breasted, the first American Egyptologist and founder of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.

To find the answer, Sheppard spent two years researching, transcribing and editing 240 letters between Ransom Williams and Breasted that are archived at the Oriental Institute. This collection of correspondence is now published in the first book-length discussion of Ransom William's life and career, "My dear Miss Ransom: Letters between Caroline Ransom Williams and James Henry Breasted, 1898 – 1935," edited by Sheppard and released by Archaeopress Publishing Ltd. in March 2018. 

Sheppard's research focuses on the history of Egyptology in the U.S. and in the U.K. and especially women's roles in the discipline. She finds that telling the life stories of women in Egyptology is crucial to fully understanding the whole story of the discipline.

"In the history of archaeology, it was the men who went out into the exotic fields to dig in the dirt and make exciting discoveries; women usually stayed back in the institutions to do the maintenance work of curating the collections and performing administrative duties," says Sheppard. "Although this work was essential to preserving the early stages of Egyptology, it has largely been ignored. Through the letters in this volume, we see a woman's life that is unique while at the the same time, similar to the lives of other professional women of that period."

Ransom Williams was born into a prominent family in Toledo, Ohio, in 1872. She earned a bachelor's degree in art history from Mount Holyoke Seminary in 1896. After teaching at Lake Erie Seminary for a year, she went on to study with Breasted at the University of Chicago where she completed a master's degree in classical archaeology and Egyptology and in 1905 became the first woman in the U.S. to earn a Ph.D. in the history of art and Egyptology. In between graduate degrees, she was awarded a prestigious assistantship at the Berlin Museum's Egyptian department, where she worked for three years. Ransom Williams' other appointments included assistant professor and chair in the history of art and classical archaeology department at Bryn Mawr College in Pennsylvania.

"Her most important work was arguably done as the assistant curator at the department of Egyptian Art at the Metropolitan Museum of Art (MMA) in New York City, where she was in charge of one of the fastest-growing and leading collections of Egyptian art and artifacts in the U.S., if not the world," says Sheppard.

After marrying in 1916 at age 44 and relocating from New York to Toledo, Ransom Williams' lifestyle changed with the domestic duties of marriage and in caring for her aging mother, but she continued working on Egyptological research for the MMA, New York Historical Society, Oriental Institute and several art museums in her geographic area, while teaching on and off at the University of Michigan.

"Ransom Williams pursued her education, followed in the footsteps of her mentors, trained with experts and took faculty and museum positions that should have made her a well-known name in the field," says Sheppard. "She was a scholar, author and well-respected instructor, but unlike her male colleagues, domestic concerns took over her professional life, so she was unable to make the professional leap she was poised for in 1916."

Anne Flannery, the head archivist at the Oriental Institute, argued in the preface to the book that "Sheppard's publication of these letters is significant for the Oriental Institute's Museum Archives, in that it sheds more light on the history of scholarship in the field of Egyptology, as well as the history of the Oriental Institute…a collection such as this is a step toward making the historical record legible, a task at the heart of the Oriental Institute's mission."

Find Sheppard's new book here: bit.ly/2utI0Xd 

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