Glenn
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/10/151015-threatened-sites-places-cultural-heritage-archaeology/
These 50 Treasured Places Are At Risk of Disappearing
The newly listed sites include
an ancient underwater city in Greece, historic churches in Cuba, and a
masterpiece of modern engineering.
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Carved
into rose-colored rock in Jordan, the ancient city of Petra shows
architectural influences from Greece, Egypt, Rome, Syria, and multiple
North African cultures. Unsustainable tourism, flash floods, rockfalls,
and erosion threaten the site.
Photograph by Gordon Wiltsie, National Geographic Creative
Photograph by Gordon Wiltsie, National Geographic Creative
A
“site of conscience,” Bunce Island housed an 18th-century British
trading post where thousands of captured African slaves were held before
transport to America. The tropical climate of Sierra Leone is causing
rapid deterioration of its structures.
Photograph by Joe Penney, Reuters/Corbis
Photograph by Joe Penney, Reuters/Corbis
Valued
for its iconic period architecture, one pool from the Moseley Road
Swimming Baths in Birmingham, England, is still used today, but a lack
of funding threatens to close the 19th-century Edwardian complex.
Photograph by Simon Webster, Alamy
Photograph by Simon Webster, Alamy
Built
between the 11th and 15th centuries, this city in southeastern Zimbabwe
accommodated as many as 18,000 people and was a seat of royal power for
the Zimbabwean monarch. Rampant vegetation growth and management
challenges threaten the site.
Photograph by Walter Meayers Edwards, National Geographic
Photograph by Walter Meayers Edwards, National Geographic
Once
a thriving trading town on Tanzania’s Swahili Coast, the ruins of Kua
on Joani Island are at risk from looting and the effects of the harsh
climate.
Photograph by J. Marshall, Tribaleye Images/Alamy
Photograph by J. Marshall, Tribaleye Images/Alamy
The
Arch of Janus in Rome is the only monument of the Forum Boarium—the
city’s ancient livestock market—that remains unrestored. It requires
cleaning, stabilization, and educational placards that interpret its
meaning for visitors and locals.
Photograph by Tino Soriano, National Geographic Creative
Photograph by Tino Soriano, National Geographic Creative
Fifty cultural heritage sites in 36
countries are threatened by everything from climate change and looting
to natural disasters and commercial development, according to a report
released Thursday by the World Monuments Fund.
Compiled every two years, the World Monuments Watch list raises awareness and mobilizes funding for the preservation of endangered sites of outstanding significance. In its 20-year history, the program has named 790 sites in 135 countries and arranged roughly $350 million of financial support for treasured places around the world.
Compiled every two years, the World Monuments Watch list raises awareness and mobilizes funding for the preservation of endangered sites of outstanding significance. In its 20-year history, the program has named 790 sites in 135 countries and arranged roughly $350 million of financial support for treasured places around the world.
Spanning Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Americas, the sites encompass a
diverse set of imperiled human achievements: There’s rock art from the
Sudan, historic churches in Cuba, Buddhist wall paintings in India, and
dozens of other sites.
Seven panelists with expertise in archaeology, urban planning,
history, anthropology, and cultural heritage law selected the 50 sites
from an initial field of over 250 nominations. World Monuments Fund
President Bonnie Burnham said that three primary criteria guided their
consideration: urgency of threats, significance of the site, and the
viability of threat mitigation efforts.
The Unnamed Monument
The willful destruction of archaeological sites by extremists
in the Middle East has prompted international outrage and extensive
media coverage over the past two years. The 2016 watch list includes
something called the Unnamed Monument—a catch-all category that
recognizes the incalculable damage occurring in regions of political and
social instability.
But many other less-publicized threats are equally urgent: Large
ships and pollution endanger the submerged city of Pavlopetri, rock
falls and flash floods have put the ancient city of Petra at risk, and
development pressures threaten historic architecture from 19th-century
England and 20th-century Tokyo.
The Nepal earthquake
of April 2015 destabilized or destroyed so many of the country’s sites
that a single item on the list includes all the cultural heritage sites
in Nepal.
“Sites of Conscience”
In addition to contending with looting, vegetation, war, neglect,
erosion, and sundry other dangers, the sites on the 2016 list sometimes
face a different sort of obstacle. Sites of conscience—such as
concentration camps in Italy and a slave trading post in Sierra
Leone—are generally underfunded because they expose dark and difficult
periods of human history.
“Were making an increasing effort to look at sites with uncomfortable
histories,” said Lisa Ackerman, Executive Vice President of the World
Monuments Fund.
While familiar monuments from Jordan and Rome appear on the list, Francesco Siravo,
an Italian architect who specializes in historic preservation and
helped in the creation of this year's list, emphasized that the fund has
a broad definition of importance.
“We’re expanding the frontier of what’s
considered a valuable part of cultural heritage,” Siravo said. “Ancient
and famous sites are not the only ones that contribute to our
understanding of history and place. Sites that are modern can be just as
valuable, and often more vulnerable.”
WATCH: National
Geographic Archaeologist Fred Hiebert discusses the antiquities and
historic sites destroyed by ISIS in the Middle East.
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